What is Pathology - What characteristics do growth factors involved in repair and regeneration have in common?

What is Pathology - What characteristics do growth factors involved in repair and regeneration have in common?
​Growth factors are a diverse set of polypeptides with several characteristics in common: ----Receptors :GFs must bind to cellular receptors in order to affect cells. Some receptors are located on all cells, while others are only found on a few. PDGF, for example, affects a wide range of mesenchymal cells, whereas VEGF mainly affects endothelial cells. EGF and TGF-a are two GFs that operate on the same receptor.
-Pleiotropism: Despite their name, most growth factors not only drive cell division but also mediate other cellular processes such as collagen production and secretion, fibronectin secretion, and cell migration. ---Redundancy: Because many GFs perform the same function as others, a deficiency in one can simply be compensated by a deficiency in another. Deficiency of a certain receptor, on the other hand, is more dangerous. Achondroplastic dwarfism is caused by a congenital lack of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. It's worth mentioning that the interaction of the cell membrane with the ECM can cause similar growth stimulation and mimic the effects of growth factors.