What is Endocrinology - What is diabetic lipoidica necrobiosis?
The pretibial areas are where necrosis lipoidica diabeticorum most frequently manifests itself, while it can also affect other places. Women are more likely to have it. Early lesions appear as nondiagnostic erythematous papules or plaques, which develop into annular lesions that are yellowish or yellowish-brown in hue, have dilated blood vessels, and have atrophy in the centre of the epidermis. Developed lesions are a defining feature, and they may typically be identified by their clinical appearance. Ulcers may form less frequently. In most cases, biopsies are diagnostic and show palisaded granulomas encircling sizable zones of necrotic and sclerotic collagen. Dilated vascular spaces, plasma cells, and more skin fat are other observations. Although the pathophysiology is unknown, immune complex vasculitis and a deficiency in platelet aggregation have been hypothesised as potential reasons.
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What is Endocrinology - How do you define diabetic dermopathy?
Shin spots or pretibial pigmented patches known as diabetic dermopathy first appear as erythematous to brown to brownish-red macules that are typically 0.5 to 1.5 cm in size and have varying scale on the pretibial surface. Although the lesions are usually asymptomatic, they can occasionally be itchy or accompanied by a burning sensation. Retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy are more prevalent in patients with diabetic dermopathy. Over a period of one to two years, the lesions recover with different degrees of atrophy and hyperpigmentation. The pathophysiology is unknown, although skin biopsies from the lesions show diabetic microangiopathy, which is characterised by endothelial cell proliferation and thickening of the arteriole, capillary, and venule basement membranes in conjunction with hemosiderin deposition. Despite the fact that many doctors link these lesions to trauma, a peculiar investigation in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were struck on the pretibial surface with a firm rubber hammer and left undamaged does not support this theory. There is no proven therapeutic treatment for diabetic dermopathy. What is Endocrinology - What is the appearance of acanthosis nigricans?
It most prominently manifests as hyperpigmented velvety skin that looks "filthy" in the axillary, inframammary, and neck folds. Small papules similar to finger pebbles may also be present on the tops of the knuckles, however they are more noticeable. What is Endocrinology - How do you define acanthosis nigricans?
The skin disorder acanthosis nigricans is brought on by papillomatous (wart-like) proliferation of the skin. It is linked to a number of illnesses, including underlying malignant diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, and several drugs. Three mechanisms—type A (receptor deficiency), type B (antireceptor antibodies), and type C—have been used to relate insulin resistance to acanthosis nigricans, a condition associated with insulin-dependent diabetes (postreceptor defect). According to one theory, hyperinsulinemia increases epidermal development by vying for the insulin-like growth factor receptors on keratinocytes in insulin-resistant conditions. Insulin resistance is induced in the case of hypercortisolism, as observed in Cushing's illness, and it is thought that this causes epidermal growth. What is Endocrinology - Describe finger Pebbles .
The extensor surfaces of the fingers, especially those close to the knuckles, are frequently affected by finger pebbles (Huntley's papules), which are many, clustered tiny papules. They may appear incredibly subtly and have no symptoms. Histologically, the dermal papillae's elevated collagen is what causes finger pebbles. There is no known pathophysiology. What is Endocrinology - Which skin conditions are diabetes people most prone to experience?8/27/2022 What is Endocrinology - Which skin conditions are diabetes people most prone to experience?
Finger pebbles, nail bed telangiectasia, skin tags (acrochordons), red faces (rubeosis), diabetic dermopathy, yellow skin, yellow nails, and pedal petechial purpura are the most prevalent skin conditions. The less common cutaneous conditions necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, bullous eruption of diabetes, acanthosis nigricans, and scleredema adultorum are all strongly related to diabetes mellitus. What is Endocrinology - What exactly is diabetic bullous?
A blistering condition known as bullous diabeticorum typically affects the distal extremities of diabetic individuals. Lesions often manifest as asymptomatic, spontaneous tight blisters that burn when touched. Most individuals suffer peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, or nephropathy, albeit the precise mechanism is unknown. What is Endocrinology - Are there any pathognomonic skin conditions for diabetes mellitus?8/27/2022 What is Endocrinology - Are there any pathognomonic skin conditions for diabetes mellitus?
Yes. Bullous diabeticorum, also known as bullous eruption of diabetes or diabetic bullae, is a rare but distinct complication of diabetes mellitus. Patients with severe diabetes are most likely to develop bullous diabeticorum, especially those who also have peripheral neuropathy. In general, normal people may have some of the other documented skin conditions. However, some skin disorders (such as necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum) show significant correlations with the disease. What is Endocrinology - How frequently do people with diabetes mellitus have a related skin condition?
According to the majority of published studies, 30% to 50% of people with diabetes mellitus eventually acquire a skin condition linked to their main illness. However, the incidence approaches 100% if one takes into account subtle observations like alterations to the nails, vascular abnormalities, and changes to the cutaneous connective tissue. Patients with recognised diabetes mellitus are more likely to experience skin diseases, although cutaneous signs can also be an early indicator of undiagnosed diabetes. What is Endocrinology - Describe how a carcinoid crisis is handled.
Glucocorticoids and octreotide are administered intravenously (IV) as an effective treatment for carcinoid crises. If this does not stop the episode, other possibilities include the serotonin receptor antagonist ondansetron, the direct vasoconstrictor methoxamine, the alpha-adrenergic blocker phentolamine, and the antiserotonin drug methotrimeprazine. Adrenergic and sympathomimetic medications must be avoided in patients with suspected carcinoid crisis since they can dramatically exacerbate the disease. |
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