Differential diagnosis of recurrent or persistent hiccups
-idiopathic -psychogenic -general anesthesia -post operative -subphrenic abscess -hepatomegaly -hepatitis -cholecystitis -gastric distention -gastric neoplasm -pancreatic malignancy -pancreatitis -thoracic pneumonia -empyema -neoplasm -pericarditis -myocardial infarction -aneurysm -reflux esophagitis -esophageal obstruction -ear foreign body -neoplasm -goiter -CNS neoplasm -CNS infection -trauma to CNS -Uremia -vagus or phrenic nerve irritation -hypocapnia / hyperventilation
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