What is Endocrinology - Describe the differences between hot and cold nodules.
A cool nodule absorbs less radioactive material than the surrounding healthy thyroid tissue. Almost all thyroid tumours on scan are cold, however the majority of cold nodules are benign. Tracer is avidly absorbed by a single toxic or heated nodule, but it is inhibited in the rest of the thyroid. Most solitary poisonous nodules are larger than 3 cm in diameter and develop in adults over the age of 40. The thyrotropin receptor gene has gain-of-function mutations in the majority of single toxic thyroid nodules. Cancer is never present in toxic adenomas.
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