What Is Microbiology - Anthrax

Anthrax

Bacillus anthracis may caused anthrax. Bacillus anthracis is a gram positive rod with the formation of the spores. 

Bacillus anthracis may present with virulence factors such as protective antigen, lethal factor ( mitogen activated protein kinase kinase or MAPKK) edema factor and capsule D glutamate acid. 

Protective antigen will facilitate the binding of the anthrax toxin into the host cell which allow the translocation of the edema factor and lethal factor into the host cell. There will be efflux of ions and fluid which lead to edema due to increase in intracellular cAMP by the action of edema factor ( adenylate cyclase). Tissue necrosis and death of cells may occur due to disruption of the cell signaling by the action of lethal factor.

There are few forms of anthrax such as cutaneous anthrax, inhalation anthrax and gastrointestinal anthrax. Eschar or localized inflammatory black necrotic lesion is associated with cutaneous anthrax. 

Inhalation anthrax may present with massive edema that develop rapidly following cardiovascular shock in the chest. Inhalation anthrax is highly fatal. 

Gastrointestinal anthrax is a rare but fatal condition. 

The common mode of transmission of anthrax may include contact with the spores based on human contact with animals or animal products.

The common treatment of anthrax may include antibiotic such as rifampin, ciprofloxacin and doxycyline. Vaccine with anthrax vaccine adsorbed may also given.