What is Pathology - Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease
Pathophysiology The T-helper cells (CD4) are presented with antigenic material by macrophages after they have processed foreign antigens. The T and B lymphocytes receive this information from the CD4 cells. A retroviral particle (RNA strand) carrying the HIV virus and encased in a glycoprotein sheath (gp120 receptor) that contains the viral protein p24 invades CD4 cells. The immunological cells impacted and eliminated are the CD4 cell and macrophage. Upon reaching a CD4 cell level of less than 200 cells/mm3, AIDS is declared in the patient. The existence of an opportunistic infection is one of the additional diagnostic factors. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • CD4 and CD8 counts, abnormalities in the CD4/CD8 ratio, and viral burden. • GI wasting caused by opportunistic diarrheal infection and by virus particles altering enteral epithelial function. Complex AIDS dementia. • Opportunistic disease; Western blot analysis and ELISA are repeated after one positive finding. AIDS dementia, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphomas, fungal meningitis, and TB are among the complications. • pneumonias caused by Mycobacterium avium complex and Pneumocystis carinii. • Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus Retinitis, Cervical Cancer, Candida Infections, GI Infections, and Wasting. Medical Attention and Surgical Procedure • Integrase inhibitors, HAART, and fusion inhibitors (only intramuscular). Nucleoside transcriptase inhibitor monotherapy is only given to pregnant women and newborn babies. • Prophylactic treatment is added to the regular medical regimen once an opportunistic infection develops. • Steer clear of tobacco use, unprotected intercourse, organic foods, and medications. • Keep an eye on viral burden, CD4/CD8 ratios, and any signs of opportunistic infection.
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