What is Pathology – Asthma
Pathophysiology • Reactive inflammatory disease linked to allergen exposure, viral infection, pollution, smoking, or weather extremes. Mast cells, involved in inflammation, produce histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and bradykinin. Chronic inflammation causes fibrosis and narrowing of bronchiole passageways, resulting in air trapping, bronchospasm, and increased dead air space. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • Expiratory wheeze, dyspnea, "tight chest," expiratory effort, extended expiratory cycle, diaphoresis, and tachycardia that appear suddenly. • CXR, allergic skin testing, serum IgE, abnormal PFTs, and ABG (acidosis) for eosinophils. Complications include severe respiratory failure and status asthmaticus. medical attention and surgical procedure • Beta2-agonist bronchodilators, leukotriene inhibitors, extra oxygen, corticosteroids, and an intravenous infusion of aminophylline. • Small, frequent meals that are rich in calories and protein. • Limiting one's degree of activity. • The environment should be clear of carpets and drapes, which can harbour allergens. • Give up smoking and keep an emergency inhaler on hand at all times. (beta2-agonist). • Drink more water and keep up a balanced diet. • Use a peak flow metre to keep tabs on asthma. • Keep temperature ranges in check. • Vaccinate against asthma and influenza. • Keep an eye out for signs of respiratory failure, asthmaticus, and situation worsening. • Keep an eye on your respiration patterns, check your lungs every 4 hours, and use a pulse oximeter. Early treatment of exacerbations depends on daily peak flowmeter evaluation.
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