What is Pathology - Chronic Bronchitis
Pathophysiology • Chronic inflammation of the bronchial and bronchiole mucosal membrane caused by cytokines and IL-8. Chronic congestion is brought on by the excessive mucous production and malfunctioning mucociliary pump. Chronic bronchitis causes a fibrotic, noncompliant lung and pulmonary hypertension, and is typical in smokers. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • Dyspnea and cyanosis, with an expectorant cough lasting at least three months for more than two years in a row. • The clubbing of the toenails associated with cor pulmonale; the "blue bloater." • Fever, headache, exhaustion, and nausea; additionally, abnormal CXR scans, MRIs, ABGs, and PFTs; and clinical results. Complications • Declining CHF on the right edge. • Repeated respiratory attacks requiring hospitalisation. • The colonisation of bacteria immune to antibiotics. • As pulmonary function declines, the development of oxygen reliance. • Death due to cardiac failure or pneumonia. medical attention and surgical procedure • Bronchodilators, mucolytics, diuretics, oxygen therapy, nebulizer therapies, incentive spirometry, antihypertensives, ACE inhibitors, inotropic drugs, and beta-adrenergic blockers. • A programme to stop smoking. • Surgery to reduce the lung. • Explain to customers the consequences of smoking. • Explain to customers the importance of receiving an influenza and pneumonia vaccination. • Teach clients to report SOB, infection signs, or a sudden increase in weight right away. • Keep an eye out for changes in diagnostic lung x-rays, CT scans, or MRIs. • Keep track of pulse oximetry and ABGs. • While experiencing acute right-sided CHF, weigh the individual every day. • Arrange care based on your tolerance for exercise.
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8/11/2023 06:08:32 pm
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