What is Pathology – Emphysema
The pulmonary capillary bed is harmed and destroyed, air is trapped, and there is an increase in dead air space due to the pathophysiology of a chronic condition in which the alveolar structures distend, lose elasticity, rupture, or coalesce. The condition is exacerbated by cigarette smoking and an inherited lack of 1 antitrypsin, which causes neutrophils to secrete an enzyme called elastase that can break down elastin and other alveolar structures. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • Breathing difficulties, a persistent cough with thick sputum, a barrel or pigeon chest, a protracted expiratory respiratory cycle, and the use of accessory muscles. • Abnormal PFTs, sputum examination, CXR, and ABG. • Finger clubbing, muffled breath sounds, orthopnea, and dyspnea upon exercise. Complications • lung failure, cor pulmonale, and repeated lung infections. • Confusion and hypoxia. medical attention and surgical procedure • Antibiotics, bronchodilators, expectorants, mucolytics, extra oxygen, cortisone, etc. • Surgery to reduce lung capacity. • Limiting one's degree of activity. • Teach respiration with pursed lips. O2 might be necessary at home. • Vaccinate against asthma and influenza. • Advocate for regular, small, nutrient-dense meals. greater liquids intake. • Keep an eye on I&O and calorie intake; frequently provide short, high-calorie meals with lots of protein. • Measure O2 saturation, ABG, and breathing pattern; customers may enjoy having a fan blow on them. • Keep in mind that hypoxic respiratory drive requires low O2 levels.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Kembara's Health SolutionsDiscovering the world of health and medicine. Archives
June 2023
Categories
All
|