What is Pathology – Hypertension
Pathophysiology • CO, which is calculated by multiplying the pulse rate by the stroke volume, determines blood pressure (BP). The stimulation of the SNS in response to arterial baroreceptors that measure blood pressure and chemoreceptors that measure carbon dioxide levels can both influence heart rate. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, exercise, emotions, and taking medications that induce vasoconstriction are additional mechanisms that affect blood pressure. PVR is the resistance to blood flow through arterioles that results in a high afterload. High blood pressure damages the intima of arteries, allowing for the infiltration of macrophages, muscle fibers, cholesterol, and fatty acids that create atherosclerotic plaque. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • The optimal systolic and diastolic blood pressure values are less than 120 mm Hg and 79 mm Hg, respectively. (JNC 7). • If the average blood pressure readings obtained on two different instances are greater than 139 mm Hg systolic and greater than 89 mm Hg diastolic, hypertension is deemed to exist. Complications • Vascular disease and atherosclerosis; chronic heart failure brought on by myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA); (CHF). • Retinal and kidney disease brought on by inadequate circulation. Medical Attention and Surgical Procedure • Diuretics, blood pressure medications, and dietary adjustments. • A programme to stop smoking. • Instruct clients to alter modifiable risk factors, stay away from added salt, consume less caffeine and alcohol, take their recommended medications on schedule, and reduce tension through exercise or meditation. • Carefully check the patient's blood pressure the right way, with the client sitting and the sphygmomanometer at heart level. After five minutes of relaxation, take your blood pressure.
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