What is Pathology – Leukemia
Pathophysiology Lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets can all be impacted by acute or persistent leukaemia. Immature WBCs (blasts) multiply uncontrollably in the bone marrow, lymph tissue, and spleen as a result of a mutation in the bone marrow stem cells. In the bone marrow, the normal WBCs, RBCs, and platelets are significantly outnumbered by the immature and useless WBCs. • Some types are ALL, AML, CLL, and CML. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • A low platelet count, low RBC count, and a high proportion of underdeveloped WBCs in the CBC. • Bone marrow extraction, with a cell count revealing a high proportion of immature blasts. • Examinations for the Philadelphia chromosome in genetics (CML). • LP to detect blasts in CSF and establish whether the central nervous system was affected. • Low-grade fever, paleness, sluggishness, confusion, SOB, bone soreness, headache, and SOB. • Thrombocytopenia, petechiae and bleeding, infection, GVHD, and serious anaemia are among the complications. Chemotherapy, radiation treatment, stem cell transplants, and bone marrow transplants are among the medical and surgical procedures available. • Inform customers that the cure rate for ALL in children is high. (cancer-free for 5 years or more). • Leukemia patients should avoid organic vegetables, use soft toothbrushes, consume moderately warm foods, take frequent breaks from activity, and report fevers right away. • Regularly check the CBC, vital indicators, and oxygen saturation levels. • Continue reverse seclusion for the BMT patient.
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