What is Pathology - Metabolic Acidosis
Pathophysiology • The body's pH should range from 7.3 to 7.45. ABG measurement identifies metabolic acidosis due to low pH, normal or compensatory CO2 levels, and low HCO3 levels. • When the pH fluctuates, the body activates buffering mechanisms. Cellular reserves are the first to respond. In metabolic acidosis, K+ is shifted into the extracellular space as a result of H+ being taken into the cells. • The second buffering mechanism to engage is the lungs. Low pH causes rapid and deep respirations, which produce CO2. • The kidneys are the last buffering mechanism to activate; it could take them up to two days to start influencing pH. The kidneys produce H+ when there is metabolic acidosis. • Diarrhea (loss below the waist), CRF, lactic acidosis, salicylate poisoning, methanol and alcohol poisoning, paraldehyde poisoning, and diabetic ketoacidosis are some of the possible causes. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • Low pH and HCO3 levels. Further testing is guided by the anion gap value, which can be large, low, or normal. • Kussmaul's respirations, a shift in mental state, blood chemistry analysis for azotemia, electrolytes, and high fasting glucose levels, serum osmolality, and ECG changes. Complications • A persistent acid-base imbalance can cause mortality. Medical Attention and Surgical Procedure • IV sodium bicarbonate infusion; pH balance adjustment. • Inform the customer about environmental toxins. • Explain to the customer the warning signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus and the significance of keeping blood sugar levels normal. • Keep an eye on your test results, mental status, acetone breath, and ECG.
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4/27/2023 01:01:31 pm
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