What is Pathology - Metabolic Alkalosis
Pathophysiology • The body's pH should range from 7.3 to 7.45. The pH is high, the CO2 is within the normal range or rising to make up for it, and the ABG identifies metabolic alkalosis. • When the pH fluctuates, the body activates buffering mechanisms. Cellular reserves are the first to respond. In metabolic alkalosis, potassium ions (K+) are shifted into the cells as a result of H+ being discharged from the cells. • The second buffering mechanism to engage is the lungs. High pH causes CO2 to be retained by shallow, slow respirations. • The kidneys are the final buffering mechanism to activate, and it could take them up to two days to start influencing pH. In metabolic alkalosis, H+ is stored in the kidneys. • The use of loop diuretics, antacids, licorice, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids are among the causes, as are prolonged vomiting, gastrointestinal suction, diarrhea, and these conditions. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia; urine chloride less than 20 mEq/L; ABG measurement. • Errors on the ECG (ECG). Symptoms of complications include tetany, seizures, altered mental status, hypoventilation and hypoxemia, and fatal arrhythmias (K+). Medical Attention and Surgical Procedure • Corticosteroids, nonsteroidal fluid replacement, IV hydrochloric acid formulations, potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, K+ and Ca supplements, and fluid replacement. • Inform patients about metabolic alkalosis, particularly when they experience prolonged vomiting, and urge them to see a doctor if their mental state changes or if they tremble. • Keep track of ABGs and other lab results. Check the ECG for arrhythmias linked to low K+ levels and both Chvostek and Trousseau's signs to identify low calcium levels.
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