What is Pathology – Osteomyelitis
Pathophysiology • Infection of the bone by microorganisms that can happen in compound fractures as well as during surgical intervention (direct inoculation), spread from nearby tissue (for example, cellulitis [contiguous spread]), and infection of the bone from sepsis (hematogenesis). • An abscess develops when the bone becomes infected, which reduces blood flow to the intramedullary region. The periosteum separates from the ostium, causing bone death, and dead bone (sequestrum) to develop. • Sinuses frequently develop, allowing pus and debris to escape from the bone to the outer skin. The sequestrum can fall from the bone, increasing pressure and reducing blood flow to other boney areas. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • A medical history and physical examination, an x-ray, a complete blood count (CBC), an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a positive bone biopsy for infection, a positive blood culture, an MRI, and a computed tomography (CT) scan. • Cellulitis and diabetic foot sores in the past are risk factors. Complications • Amputating the injured limb to reduce the risk of septic shock-related mortality. • Repeated operations to extract infected bone (sequestrectomy). medical attention and surgical procedure • protracted IV and oral antimicrobial treatments. • Changing sterile wound dressings. • Sequestration. • Keep blood glucose levels under tight control and examine the feet each evening for pressure points to prevent osteomyelitis. • Whenever a soft tissue injury occurs, report the sore region. • Emphasize to clients the value of strict glycemic control and the need to inspect footwear, teeth, and other prosthetics for fit issues. • Carefully examine the infection areas; keep an eye on the ESR and CBC.
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