What is Pathology – Osteoporosis
Pathophysiology • A healthy bone is a living, active structure. Bone is resorbed by osteoclasts, while fresh bone is formed by osteoblasts. Healthy bone is constantly rebuilt in this manner. • At menopause, oestrogen withdrawal causes inflammatory mediators and immune cells that promote the differentiation of osteoclasts and increase their life span. • Normal body movement and weight-bearing activities also contribute to bone remodelling. Less osteoblasts, or bone-making cells, are functioning. This trabecular structure weakens and may completely resorb as osteoporosis worsens. Decreases in bone mass. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • Caucasian or Asian heritage, postmenopausal status, menopausal weight of less than 140 lb, sedentary lifestyle, history of rheumatoid arthritis, low calcium and vitamin D consumption, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and caffeine intake are risk factors. Endocrine disruption, steroid use, the use of sleeping pills, the treatment of cancer, kidney disease, and extended immobility are all linked with secondary risks. • a CT scan, periodic heights, US of the bone, and DEXA scans of the hip, spine, and first four vertebrae. Complications • Pathologic fractures; falls resulting in hip fracture. Medical Attention and Surgical Procedure • Recombinant human parathyroid hormone, biphosphonates, calcitonin hormone, and SERMs. • Weight-bearing activity with HRT. • Vitamin D and calcium tablets. • The patient with osteoporosis should remove all clutter (such as throw mats) from the walking areas and wear properly fitting shoes (no slip-ons). • Walking aids like walkers may reduce the risk of fractures and accidents. • Stress the value of DEXA scans. • Include calcium in your foods. Keep an eye out for esophagitis linked to SERM treatment.
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