What is Pathology - Peripheral Arterial Disease
Pathophysiology The gradual narrowing of artery lumen brought on by the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque is what leads to PAD. If all of the arteries are completely blocked, necrosis and ulceration (gangrene) occur, and the leg is rendered completely immobile. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • The five Ps: pallor, paralysis, paresthesia, and pulselessness. • Leg heaviness and pain that subsides with rest after a brief time of exertion. In both the upper and lower limbs, ABI measures BP. Ankle blood pressure drops after a brief time of exercise in the client with PAD, indicating constriction and reduced perfusion. Doppler ultrasound equipment detects blood flow velocity. • Images from MRIs depict artery blockage. • Angiography and plethysmography to see the flow of blood through the limb. • A complete blood chemistry and lipid panel to evaluate electrolytes and nitrogenous wastes. • D-dimer test to check for inflammatory indicators; Crp and interleukin 6 to check for fibrin degradation products. Complications • Necrosis, vascular ulcerations, gangrene, and amputation. • Thromboembolism, CVA, and MI. Medical Attention and Surgical Procedure Pentoxifylline, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, and anticoagulants are among the list. • Amputee. • Encourage clients to get annual physicals and blood tests to check for atherosclerotic risk factors. • Consume a balanced meal and exercise each day. • Keep an eye on the customer with PAD's dependent and elevated extremities. Check your pulses by palpating; note any lack of pulse, spotting, or cold extremities. • Keep an eye on your glucose levels and anticoagulant medication.
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