What is Pathology - Raynaud’s Disease
Pathophysiology • A condition that only affects women, RD produces ischemia and vasospasm at the tips of the nose, fingers, hands, feet, and toes in response to exposure to cold temps or objects. Hyperemia is experienced after ischemia. When ischemic attacks continue for two or more years, a diagnosis is established. Secondary RD is linked to autoimmune/collagen diseases, people with jobs that require vibratory tools like jackhammers, and endothelin-1 and angiotensin may be the cause. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • Thyroid panel to check for metabolic disorders; CBC to check for blood disorders; BUN and creatinine to check for renal and hydration state; PT and aPTT to check the clotting cascade; serum glucose; and PT and aPTT to check the clotting cascade. Additionally, tests are requested for autoimmune and collagen diseases. • A vasodilator known as calcitonin gene-related peptide is discovered to be reduced in RD. The vasoconstrictor neuropeptide Y is abundant in secondary RD. Complications include tissue loss, necrosis, and digital ulceration. Medical Attention and Surgical Procedure • SSRIs, analgesics, vasodilators, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, analgesics, and lidocaine local infiltration. "Digital sympathectomy." • Omega-3 fatty acids of pharmaceutical quality. • Biofeedback; avoiding cold touch; and quitting smoking. • Instruct the customer to never smoke and to protect their hands, feet, and face from cold temperatures. • Immediately report any ischemic episodes. • Evaluate the nose's hue, sensation, and temperature; smoking cessation programme.
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