What is Pathology - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Pathophysiology • Coming into touch with or inhaling a coronavirus droplet. • After interaction with the SARS coronavirus, immune mediators induce inflammation, edema, and pneumonia by preventing gas exchange and leading to the filling of the alveoli with fluid. The SARS virus can survive for six hours on the hands. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • Rhonchi, crackles, and diminished lung sounds in regions of consolidation on auscultation; fever; myalgia; and cough. Recent travel to SARS-affected countries. Liver function tests (LFTs) showing elevation. Complete blood count (CBC) for low white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts. Chest x-ray and chest computed tomography (CT) for areas of consolidation. Electrolyte panel for low potassium and low sodium. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody test for SARS. Acute respiratory failure and mortality are complications. Medical Attention and Surgical Procedure • Supplemental oxygen, antibiotics, hormones, and antiviral drugs. • If the client's condition improves, intubation and ventilation may be necessary. • Continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring; hemodynamic monitoring for cardiac output; daily weighing to evaluate fluid retention; use of diuretics, antibiotics, and inotropic agents. • Intravenous assistance; packed red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion for oxygen delivery. • Explain the intensive physical and psychosocial treatment that ventilator-dependent clients will receive. • Intensive care, blood transfusions, central venous tubes, serial x-rays, and arterial blood gas (ABG) are required. • Infection control must be strictly adhered to. • Keep an eye on the EKG, lung sounds, ABG, pulse oximetry, and central venous pressure. (ECG). • Strictly observe intake and outflow (I&O). • Keep an eye out for shock symptoms, evaluate serial chest x-rays, and administer aseptic ventilator treatment.
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