What is Pathology - Total Joint Replacement
Pathophysiology • People with conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), avascular necrosis of the femoral head, or chronic osteoarthritis discomfort are unable to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and need to have the joint replaced with prosthetics. Evaluation and Diagnostic Results • Prior to surgery, the client showed a significant loss of range of motion and a rise in pain while performing ADLs. • An initial evaluation of the neurovascular system is made. • Following surgery, the complete blood count (CBC) is checked for blood loss and infection; every 4 hours, neurovascular evaluations are performed. • People who have had a total hip replacement (THR) cannot recline with their hips flexed more than 90 degrees and must have their legs abducted. The affected limb (legs) of total knee replacement (TKR) patients are placed in continuous passive motion (CPM) machines, which allow the knee to be moved to greater angles as instructed by the orthopedist. Complications • Embolism and thrombophlebitis. ● Illness. • A dislocated hip or knee. • Sepsis of the blood or joint. • Skin deterioration. Blood loss. Medical Attention and Surgical Procedure • Preventive medicines. • Blood transfusion (autologous replacement preferred) if required. • Pain relief. • Evaluation of neurovascular health. • Evaluation of the mental condition of older adults. • Early ambulation; Flowtron boots or compression tights (non–weight-bearing). • Teach THR clients to avoid crossing their knees or angling their chairs more than 90 degrees. • Immediately report any discomfort or chills. • Check the CBC for infection and haemorrhage. • Keep track of and report on the leg's neurovascular condition distal to the operation. • Keep in mind that orthopaedic surgery is very messy, necessitating transfusions.
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