​What is Pathology - Tuberculosis (TB)

​What is Pathology - Tuberculosis (TB)
Pathophysiology
• The tubercle bacilli are transmitted through aerial routes. The droplet nuclei that hold mycobacteria move around in the atmosphere. The illness is rendered inactive by a T-cell-mediated response that walls off the lesion (Ghon tubercle).
• The hilar area is first affected by the Ghon tubercle. The Ghon necrose cavitates then may discharge the organism into the lung if the patient develops immunosuppression.

Evaluation and Diagnostic Results

• History; chest x-ray (upper lobe lesions are more common); Mantoux test showing TB or induration of greater than 15 millimetres in patients with healthy immune systems; sputum smears and AFB culture.
• NAA; QFT-G test performed on blood sample; 24-hour turnaround time for findings. The results of the QFT-G test are unchanged by receiving the BCG vaccine.
• Adventitious breath sounds can be heard when the thorax is auscultated.
Complications
• Respiratory failure, demise, and obstructive respiratory illness.

medical attention and surgical procedure

• A four-antibiotic combination. Depending on immunity, antibiotic treatment may be required for 6–9 months or longer. AFB sputum samples every month up until two consecutively negative tests.
• Proper diet, weightlifting once per week, bronchodilators, and chest percussion.
• Airborne seclusion in a space with low air pressure.
• The Mantoux test will always be positive following BCG exposure or immunization, necessitating the need for CXR.
• Be prepared for healthcare professionals to enter the area wearing special masks.
• Maintaining a medical routine is crucial for both individual and societal health. Inform students of the consequences.
• Keep an eye out for SOB, low pulse oximetry, lymphadenopathy, vital signs, and night sweats, and don a HEPA mask that has been fit-tested.