​What is Surgery –Lipoma Causes

​What is Surgery –Lipoma Causes

DEFINITION 
Lipomas are benign adipose tissue tumours that grow slowly. Multiple contiguous lipomas produce tissue distortion (e.g. on the buttocks or, rarely, the neck) in lipomatosis. Can be categorized by location such as  subcutaneous, subfascial, and subsynovial. 

AETIOLOGY 
They can appear in any connective tissue, however they are most commonly found in subcutaneous fat. Lipomas are aggregates of adipocytes that are indistinguishable from regular adipocytes and are split into enormous lobules by thin fibrous septa. Unknown cause, but chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., translocation of a gene on chromosome 12) have been suggested. Multiple sensitive lipomas (Dercum's disease/adiposis dolorosa) are an unusual symptom. 


EPIDEMIOLOGY 
Adults and children of all ages, particularly in the 40s and 60s. There is no preference for one gender over another. 

HISTORY 
A lump is noticed by the patient, which is normally painless and slowly enlarging unless it has been subjected to trauma, in which case fat necrosis may cause it to swell and become sensitive. 

EXAMINATION 
It can happen any place there's adipose tissue, but it's more frequent in the upper arms' subcutaneous tissue. Variable size, ovoid or spherical in shape, and frequently lobulated (a useful diagnosic feature). Non-tender, soft, and compressible; nonetheless, they rarely vary or transilluminate. The skin on top is generally normal. There should be no palpable lymph nodes in the area. 

INVESTIGATIONS
 MRI can be used to visualise lipomas that are deeply located; no other tests are usually required. 

MANAGEMENT
Conservative: If it isn't causing any discomfort or distorting the appearance, it can be left alone. Surgical: If the condition is bothersome or unattractive. Under local anaesthetic, it is possible to remove it: To expose the lipoma, surgical incision is made over it; a common feature is that the lipoma can be milked out via the incision using mild pressure on the surrounding tissue, with little dissection. To avoid the formation of a haematoma, haemostasis in the resultant cavity should be maintained. Excision of larger lipomas or those in more difficult locations will require general anaesthesia. 

COMPLICATIONS 
Rather than the lipoma itself, it's usually associated with surgery to remove it. Fat necrosis may occur if traumatised. 

PROGNOSIS 
Lipomas rarely progress to malignancy (liposarcomas, for example, develop spontaneously in the retroperitoneum).